Haemostasis in oral surgical procedures involving patients with a ventricular assist device

Authors: N. A. Hamzah, H. L. Graf, A. L. Meyer, M. T. Dieterlen, A. Hemprich

Published: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2019.07.009

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether tooth extraction for patients with ventricular assist devices (VADs) could be performed without interruption of anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy and whether treatment with von Willebrand factor concentrates and desmopressin is required. The study consisted of three groups of patients undergoing oral surgery. The two experimental groups comprised patients with VADs, while the third group included cardiovascular patients without VADs who served as controls. All patients were treated intraoperatively with topical haemostatic agents (oxidized cellulose or collagen). The first group was additionally treated with fibrin glue. All 75 oral surgical procedures were performed under local anaesthesia without sedation. Three of 40 patients in the experimental groups and two of 20 patients in the control group suffered a haemorrhage, with no significant difference in the incidence of haemorrhage between the groups. The findings suggest that dental extraction can be performed without modification of oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet treatments, providing that INR is less than 3.5 on the day of the operation. It can further be hypothesized that an acquired coagulopathy in VAD patients does not influence the bleeding risk in dental extractions, and so the administration of desmopressin and/or von Willebrand factor concentrates is not required.